Chronic Ankle Instability Care

What You Need To Know

Understanding chronic ankle instability and how it is evaluated and treated.

Understanding Chronic Ankle Instability

Chronic ankle instability is a condition characterized by a recurring giving way of the outer (lateral) side of the ankle. This condition often develops after repeated ankle sprains that weaken and stretch the ligaments and tendons surrounding the ankle, causing greater instability over time.

In the beginning, the ankle instability occurs when walking or doing movement activities, but in time, it can even happen when stationary. Though it can occur to anyone, chronic ankle instability is a common problem among athletes.

People with chronic ankle instability often complain of a repeated turning of the ankle, especially on uneven surfaces or when participating in sports, repeated ankle sprains, persistent discomfort and swelling, pain or tenderness, and the ankle feeling wobbly or unstable.

Chronic ankle instability usually develops following an ankle sprain that has not adequately healed or was not rehabilitated completely. Each subsequent sprain leads to further weakening of the ligaments, resulting in greater instability. Contributing factors include obesity, lack of follow-up strengthening exercises, and return to sports before the ankle fully recovers.

In evaluating and diagnosing your condition, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask you about any previous ankle injuries and instability, then examine your ankle to check for tender areas, signs of swelling, and instability. X-rays or other imaging studies may be helpful in further evaluating the ankle so treatment can begin promptly.

Treatment, Recovery, and Rehabilitation

Treatment for chronic ankle instability is based on the results of the examination and tests, as well as on the patient’s level of activity. Nonsurgical treatment is often effective when started early and followed consistently.

Physical therapy involves various treatments and exercises to strengthen the ankle, improve balance and range of motion, and retrain your muscles. As you progress through rehabilitation, you may also receive training that relates specifically to your activities or sport. Some patients wear an ankle brace to gain support for the ankle, keep it from turning, and help prevent additional sprains. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation.

In some cases, the foot and ankle surgeon will recommend surgery based on the degree of instability or lack of response to nonsurgical approaches. Surgery usually involves repair or reconstruction of the damaged ligament(s). The surgeon will select the surgical procedure best suited for your case based on the severity of the instability and your activity level. The length of the recovery period will vary, depending on the procedure or procedures performed.

Ankle instability can cause complications if ignored. Many athletes do not take time to let their injuries heal and get back on the field far too soon, which causes the injury to recur and weakens the ankle further. With the right help and a proper rehabilitation program, one can get back to daily activities and sport stronger and steadier than before.