Charcot Foot Care for Diabetic Patients

What You Need To Know

Understanding Charcot foot, its symptoms, and why early treatment matters.

Understanding Charcot Foot

Charcot foot is a rare but serious complication that impacts the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the foot and/or ankle. It typically results from nerve damage in the feet due to diabetes or nerve injuries. Those with diabetes mellitus are particularly prone to the condition. The bones become weak and can break, and the joints in the foot or ankle can dislocate. If not caught early, the joints can collapse, and the foot eventually becomes deformed. This can cause pressure sores to develop, which can lead to infection and amputation.

When the midfoot is impacted, the arch collapses and the bottom of the foot rounds. This is called a rocker-bottom foot deformity. Depending on the location of the fracture, the toes can also begin to curve, or the ankle can become deformed and unstable.

Symptoms include a red appearance of the foot or ankle, swelling, increased warmth compared to the other foot, a foot that feels warm to the touch, and soreness. Oftentimes, Charcot foot isn’t associated with any pain because of the underlying nerve damage, so it’s imperative that you stay on top of your foot health.

Charcot foot is most commonly the result of peripheral neuropathy. Because the patient cannot feel pain or other sensations, an injury can be made worse by continued walking. Blood vessel damage can also change blood flow to the feet, leading to bone loss and fractures. Contact your board-certified podiatrist right away if you notice any symptoms so we can evaluate your condition and begin treatment.

Treatment, Prevention, and Long-Term Outlook

Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent joints from collapsing and deforming the foot. Your board-certified podiatrist will examine your foot and ankle and ask about your symptoms. They may also take the temperature of your feet, as a higher temperature can be a sign of Charcot foot. X-rays and other imaging may be used to diagnose your condition, and in some cases a bone biopsy may be ordered to check for infection.

Non-surgical treatment focuses on decreasing pressure to your feet to protect the weakened bones from further damage. Your doctor may have you wear a cast, boot, or brace, and you may need a knee scooter or crutches. Custom orthotics and bracing can help the bones heal and prevent recurrence.

If Charcot foot has caused a severe deformity or if an infection has spread, surgery may be necessary. A board-certified surgeon will repair the damage and stabilize your foot. The goal is to provide a stable foot that will not develop further ulcerations. Dr. Glazer is an expert in the field of limb salvage. He frequently performs the procedure and is also a surgeon trainer who lectures on the topic.

Prevention is key for anyone with diabetes or neuropathy. Manage your blood sugar levels to slow nerve damage, wear shoes and socks even when indoors, get fitted for custom orthotics, and stop any activity that causes foot or ankle pain. See your podiatrist at least once per year, and check your feet daily for any changes. With consistent care and early intervention, most patients can avoid the most serious outcomes.